• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for creating new concrete structures (1) or for retrofitting, in that profiles (5) are formed from a super-elastic shape memory alloy into a surface with which they can be clawed and / or interlocked with an adjacent hardened covering (7). or building substance can come into operative connection, whereby the super-elastic shape memory alloy can switch between austenitic and martensitic phases in the event of the spontaneous occurrence of the induced mechanical stress and subsequent relief via a crystalline deformation exclusively through said stress and relief, and the profiles (5) in or on the concrete structure ( 1) are arranged and then a covering (7) or building substance including the profiles (5) is applied or filled so that forces from the concrete structure (1) can be absorbed and / or via the operative connection of the profile surface with the subsequently hardened covering (7) or building substance to the same are cash. The invention also relates to a concrete structure (1) produced or retrofitted in this way.
    公开号:CH716796A2
    申请号:CH01452/20
    申请日:2020-11-12
    公开日:2021-05-14
    发明作者:Czaderski Christoph；Michels Julien；Motavalli Masoud；Schmidig Daniel；Shahverdi Moslem
    申请人:Re Fer Ag；Eidgenoessische Mat Und Forschungsanstalt Empa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Traditionally, concrete structures are reinforced or prestressed with reinforcing steel. These have ribbed surfaces in order to create a good interlocking with the concrete with which they are poured. These reinforcing steels lie slack in the concrete and can withstand tension. They are the decisive elements for the strength of a building, while the concrete acts as a load-bearing support element for compressive, shear and, to a lesser extent, tensile forces, and takes on a protective function for the reinforcing steel. Such constructions are, however, rigid structures, which means that they can only elastically absorb large, impulse-like or dynamic forces, such as those caused by earthquakes, up to a certain modest degree. Rather, the steels as well as the concrete threaten to break soon and the corresponding supporting structures collapse or are irreparably damaged.
    Against this background, the object of this invention is to provide a method by means of which concrete structures are enabled to dissipatively absorb forces caused by various events. Such forces can be caused, for example, by earthquakes, vibrations, earth displacements, impacts, i.e. when a vehicle hits a building or when a snow or mud avalanche hits a building. Dissipation comes from Latin and means "distraction". It is an irreversible process in a dynamic system in which the energy of a macroscopically directed movement, which can be converted into other forms of energy, is converted into thermal energy, i.e. into energy of a disordered molecular movement, which is then only partially convertible . Such a system is called dissipative. A damped oscillation is therefore a dissipative system. The object of the present invention is to make building structures fit for spontaneously occurring, induced mechanical stresses such as vibrations and seismic loads and thus to dissipatively absorb forces and impulses as a result of various events as mentioned above and thus to increase the safety of buildings and prevent structural damage. Furthermore, the task also includes specifying the specific technical features of the building structures according to the invention.
    This object is achieved on the one hand by a method for creating new concrete structures or for retrofitting, that is, for the reinforcement of existing concrete structures, this method having the features of claim 1, and on the other hand the object is achieved by a concrete structure, which includes the features of claim 10.
    Based on the drawings, the task and solution are discussed and examples for the implementation of the method for creating new concrete structures and for retrofitting, that is, for reinforcing existing concrete structures, are disclosed.
    It shows: Figure 1a: A qualitative diagram of the stress σ as a function of the elongation ε of a normal structural steel; FIG. 1b: a qualitative diagram to illustrate the influence of the lattice structure of a material on the Wöhler curve; FIG. 2: A qualitative diagram of the course of the stress σ in a superelastic shape memory alloy as a function of the elongation ε, with arrows indicating the increase and subsequent decrease in the elongation ε; Figure 3a-c: Steps a to c for retrofitting a concrete structure reinforced with structural steel by means of super-elastic shape memory alloys to increase the dissipation capacity of this concrete structure and thus of the building supported by this concrete structure; FIG. 4: The variant of the installation of super-elastic shape memory alloys in milled slots or grooves of a concrete structure reinforced with structural steel, in order to increase its dissipation capacity; FIG. 5: The variant of the application of super-elastic shape memory alloys to an existing concrete structure with structural steel reinforcements, to increase the building's ability to dissipate; FIG. 6: The variant of the application of super-elastic shape memory alloys to newly constructed concrete structures with structural steel reinforcements inside, to increase the dissipation ability of the building; FIG. 7: The variant of the application of super-elastic shape memory alloys to existing, conventionally reinforced concrete supports, to increase the dissipation capacity of these concrete supports, shown on the basis of the cross section of such a concrete support; FIG. 8: The variant of the application of super-elastic shape memory alloys to newly constructed concrete supports to increase the dissipation ability of these concrete supports, shown on the basis of the cross section of such a concrete support; FIG. 9: The variant of the application of super-elastic shape memory alloys to newly created concrete supports to increase the dissipation ability of these concrete supports, based on an axial longitudinal section through the concrete support and its foot; Figure 10: The variant of the application of super-elastic shape memory alloys to new or existing concrete supports, to increase their dissipation and load-bearing capacity, by means of axially running super-elastic form alloys and also reinforcements running around the circumference.
    According to this method, at least one profile made of a super-elastic shape memory alloy with a ribbed surface or surface in thread form is inserted from the outset in the new concrete structures to be created - instead of or in combination with traditional structural steel or prestressing steel. Alternatively, the concrete of an existing concrete structure to be reinforced is roughened on the outside, and then a profile or profiles with a ribbed surface or with a thread-shaped surface made of a super-elastic shape memory alloy is attached to the roughened outside of the building. A covering made of coating materials, such as a concrete, mortar, plaster or cement layer, is then applied to the outside of the building to cover (protective and composite function) this profile or these profiles with their special super-elastic shape memory alloy. The reinforcement layer produced in this way allows force to be transmitted from the superelastic shape memory alloy via its toothing or clawing to the covering layer and from this further via its interlocking or clawing with the roughened outside of the structure to the same. In a similar way, the power transmission can be achieved in a recess in the concrete structure, for example in a slot, a groove or in a borehole by inserting at least one profile made of a superelastic shape memory alloy over the shear bond of the pavement layer, typically a mortar. However, the profiles can also be inserted directly into the concrete. A correspondingly constructed or equipped building is characterized by the fact that, thanks to the profiles with ribbed surfaces or with a thread-shaped surface made from a super-elastic shape memory alloy, kinetic energies can be dissipated when the building is exposed to vibrations or seismic loads.
    With an isothermally applied load or an external mechanical stress above the austenite end temperature, but below the martensite deformation temperature, the superelastic material initially shows an elastic-plastic behavior typical for metals. However, as soon as the material reaches the martensitic stress, the face-centered cubic (kfz) austenite is transformed into martensite. Austenite is generally cubic in structure, while martensite is monoclinic or has some other crystal structure different from the mother phase, typically with less symmetry. For a monoclinic martensitic material such as nitinol, the monoclinic phase has less symmetry, which is important because certain crystallographic orientations accept higher strains when under applied stress compared to other orientations. It follows that the material tends to form orientations that maximize the total strain prior to any increase in applied stress. If the material is relieved - before plastic deformation occurs - it becomes austenite again as soon as the critical stress for this is reached. Since each atom retains its neighboring atom during the conversion, it is also referred to as a diffusion-free phase transition. The process is reversible and this property of super-elastic shape memory alloys is known as pseudo-elastic behavior. The material of super-elastic shape memory alloys recovers from almost all expansions that cause structural changes. For some super-elastic SMAs, this can be elongations in excess of 10%. When relieved, the material returns to its original shape due to its internal tension, for which, apart from the static or dynamic effect in the event of an incident, no additional activation or influence from outside is necessary.
    [0008] FIG. 1a shows a stress / strain diagram for conventional structural steel. Such a diagram shows the material properties of a tensile specimen such as strength, elasticity, plasticity, etc. by showing the material behavior schematically by means of the material-dependent tensile load-length change relationship. The tensile load is represented by a cross-sectional area-dependent stress σ and the elongation is expressed as ε. The stress / strain diagram differentiates between different areas, such as the linear-elastic area, in which the σ-ε relationship is proportional up to the yield point Re, and the non-linear-elastic area, in which the deformation is still reversible, but no longer proportional to the stress and the elastic-plastic area in which the deformation is at least partially plastic - i.e. irreversible - up to elongation at break A. The uniform elongation Ag in the tensile test is the plastic elongation based on the initial measurement length when the tensile specimen is loaded with the maximum force. This is achieved with the tensile strength Rm. The uniform elongation Ag indicates that the tensile specimen does not constrict up to the maximum force, but rather stretches evenly. An increase in tension is possible up to tensile strength Rm, before the material cross-section constricts and finally breaks. Traditional structural steel is only suitable to a limited extent for dissipating vibrations or kinetic energy - for example in the event of an earthquake - because it can only absorb elastic deformations up to the yield point of approx. Further expansions take place inelastic or plastic, and with repeated such action lead to premature failure due to the accumulation of plastic overstretching. In order to remain elastic in the event of cyclical, i.e. repetitive tensile and compressive loads, correspondingly large reinforcement cross-sections are necessary in the structure.
    In the diagram according to Figure 1b, the fatigue strength of a material is shown with constantly changing stress or dynamic load (after the so-called. Wöhler fatigue test). In the Wöhler diagram, there are basically three areas: In the case of large stress amplitudes, material breakage occurs after just a few load cycles (area of short-term strength or low-cycle fatigue). A sample can only withstand a comparatively small number of load cycles in this area. More breaking load cycles are possible with a correspondingly reduced stress amplitude (range of long-term strength or high-cycle fatigue). Below a certain stress amplitude, there is practically no breakage and the so-called Wöhler curve asymptotically approaches a horizontal line (fatigue strength range). Body-centered cubic (krz) materials often show a pronounced fatigue strength. In the case of cubic face-centered (motor vehicle) materials, however, there is usually no endurance limit in the actual sense of the word. For these materials, the Wöhler curve drops continuously over the entire load cycle range.
    Figure 2 shows a typical qualitative stress / strain diagram of a super-elastic shape memory alloy SMA (SMA for shape memory alloy). In the case of such a polymorphic alloy, there is a jump back and forth between a martensite and an austenite phase (whereby in practice a proportion of residual austenite or residual martensite always remains). The stress versus the elongation from the austenitic state to the martensitic state and back describes a hysteresis. With such a stress cycle, the material returns to its original state. The area enclosed by the hysteresis curve corresponds to the work done for each cycle of the material and thus the energy absorbed.
    According to the publication WO 2014/16603 A2, possibilities are shown for creating actively prestressed concrete structures with shape memory alloys, the phase transformation of which is temperature-induced. This property is used to achieve pre-tensioning in the structures. In the case of the applied shape memory alloys according to the present invention, on the other hand, a phase transformation takes place purely via the loading and unloading, that is to say exclusively induced by stress. This creates an offset of the various molecular layers under tension, through which the face-centered cubic austenite is transformed into the stress-induced martensite - as is shown schematically in FIG. 2 at the respective end of the hysteresis loop. Via a profile made of such a super-elastic shape memory alloy, the transformation of austenite into stress-induced martensite (and back again) leads to a large expansion, which is reversible when the load is removed. The molecular stratification goes back to the original state shown schematically at the bottom left of the hysteresis loop.
    According to the present method, round profiles made of a super-elastic shape memory alloy with a ribbed surface or with a thread-form surface can be placed in a mortar or corresponding covering layer, or in a recess or internally in concrete structures. The power transmission takes place evenly along the longitudinal axis via the special surface with ribs or threads attached to the superelastic shape memory alloy profile itself in the pavement layer or building fabric, and further into the building / supporting structure, in order to make it fit for spontaneously occurring induced mechanical stresses such as vibrations close.
    The sheathing of the super-elastic profiles with a covering layer such as a cementitious mortar or a layer of concrete protects the profiles on the one hand against corrosion and on the other hand also ensures heat protection in the event of fire. In a new building, the super-elastic profiles can replace traditional reinforcements or be combined with them. In the latter case, traditional reinforcement steels or prestressed reinforcements made of special alloys (for example SMAs with temperature-induced phase transformation) are preferably laid in one direction. The super-elastic profiles are then preferably inserted in a second direction, in which deformations can arise in the event of vibrations. In this way, the synergy of the direction of action and the load-bearing method of all these load-bearing components located in the concrete can be used optimally depending on the situation. Such combinations are also possible when reinforcing existing concrete structures. Usually the super-elastic form alloys of the profiles to be used are steel-based.
    In Figures 3a-c, steps a to c for retrofitting or retrofitting a reinforced with structural steel concrete structure by means of super-elastic shape memory alloys to increase the dissipation ability of this concrete structure and thus the buildings supported by this concrete structure. In Figure 3a, a concrete element 1 is shown, in the interior of which a conventional reinforcing steel 2 runs in the longitudinal direction, and a number of further such reinforcing steels 3 run transversely to the same. The outside of this concrete element 1 is denoted by the number 4, which was mechanically or hydromechanically roughened here as the first step for the application. Based on this situation, it is necessary to retrofit a concrete element prepared in this way for the dissipative absorption and absorption of forces and corresponding energies in order to strengthen the building supported by such concrete elements and in particular against impacts in the context of earthquakes, other vibrations, earth displacements or impact force shocks to make more resilient. The super-elastic shape memory alloys used for this purpose are usually made on an iron basis.
    For this purpose, as shown in Figure 3b, super-elastic shape memory alloy profiles 5, usually super-elastic shape memory steel profiles, are mounted on the outside 4 of the concrete element 1, which are attached to the concrete element 1 for this purpose by means of anchors, preferably in the form of plastic brackets 6 . Brackets made of plastic are used to prevent contact corrosion that would inevitably occur when using steel brackets or direct contact with traditional steel reinforcement. The super-elastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 can be arranged to run in any meaningful direction. If such a network or such a matrix of superelastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 is fixed to the concrete element 1, this network or this matrix is complete in a next step, as shown in FIG. 3c, with a covering layer 7, such as a mortar or concrete layer covered and intimately enveloped. The expansion forces absorbed by the super-elastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 and, conversely, the following compressive forces or shear forces are again transferred to the pavement layer 7 via the claws or the interlocking of the profile surface, and from this via the claws with the rough surface 4 of the concrete element 1 introduced into the same thing and vice versa. The retrofit or the upgrading of an existing structure to increase the dissipation of kinetic energy is accomplished according to the invention via the surface layer connected over a large area. The expansion and compression of the concrete element 1 itself is reduced and dampened by this retrofitting.
    Figure 4 shows a further variant for a subsequent installation of superelastic shape memory alloys in a concrete element 1. For this purpose, millings are made on the same to generate grooves 8, which should preferably run in specific directions on the concrete element 1, namely in those directions in which possible expansion or compression forces are to be expected in the event of an incident. For this purpose, structural calculation models can be used to determine or measure the expected acting forces or loads, namely the continuously acting and with some probability, thanks to such models, the forces or loads that occur spontaneously in the event of an incident (as a result of earthquakes, earth displacements , Impacts, etc.) can be foreseen. One or more super-elastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 are inserted into these milled grooves 8 or recesses and the grooves 8 or recesses are then thoroughly filled with a covering 7, typically mortar. The mortar here in turn serves to transfer the expansion and compression forces from the super-elastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 to the concrete element 1 and vice versa, and in turn has a protective function.
    Figure 5 shows a variant for the application of super-elastic shape memory alloys 5 on existing (possibly already provided with a reinforcement 10) concrete structures to increase the dissipation ability of the building. The areas 9 to be equipped with the super-elastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 with a ribbed surface or thread-shaped surface are first roughened and then the super-elastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 are placed on these rough areas 9 in the desired direction for the absorption of forces. Then they are enclosed / ironed, for example with reinforcing steel 11 - usually stacked vertically - in order to achieve a constriction of this reinforced zone against buckling and concrete flaking in the traditional sense. The ironed-in zone is tightly cast with a covering 7, for example a layer of mortar or concrete, which covering in turn digs into the roughened surface of the said areas 9. Alternatively, the constriction effect can also be introduced actively and specifically in this zone by means of pre-tensioned bow profiles, preferably by means of a conventional shape memory alloy according to the publication WO 2014/16603 A2, in which a pre-tensioning effect is achieved by heating the respective profiles. In an arrangement as shown, the power transmission from the super-elastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 via their toothing to the covering layer 7 and from this via the shear connection to the reinforced or prestressed concrete element 1 with stirrup profiles and vice versa is ensured.
    In the figure 6 shows a variant for the application of super-elastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 to newly created concrete structures 1. For such applications, the super-elastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 with a ribbed surface or thread-shaped surface can be specifically integrated directly into the building structure 1, as a supplement or replacement for conventional reinforcing steels. FIG. 6 shows an arrangement in which conventional structural steel reinforcements 10 and reinforcement arches or stirrups 11, in turn, in cooperation with the profiles 5 according to the invention, reinforce the building structure (in the example shown at one end of a concrete wall). More precisely, in the example, six super-elastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 run along concrete walls in the longitudinal direction of the tensile and compressive forces to be expected. These areas are preferably ironed with a conventional, slack reinforcement 10, stacked vertically, in order to achieve a constricting effect of the highly stressed zones against buckling and concrete spalling. For a statically efficient and direction-dependent use, the combination with conventional shape memory alloy according to the publication WO 2014/16603 A2, in which the pretensioning effect is achieved by heating the respective profiles, is also suitable here. The synergy between the superelastic shape memory alloy 5 acting in the longitudinal direction of the normal forces and the actively pre-stressed, conventional shape memory alloy in the transverse direction can thus be used to significantly increase the dissipation capacity of the building.
    A special application relates to the reinforcement of supports to increase their dissipative capacity. FIG. 7 shows an existing concrete support 12 with conventional reinforcing steels 2 axially laid therein and conventional reinforcements 13 or temperature-induced pre-stressed shape memory alloys 15 running concentrically to the support 12 and stacked in height. For reinforcement, the outside 14 of the support 12 is first roughened, and then axially extending superelastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 with a ribbed surface or a thread-shaped surface are attached along the circumference of the support 12. These can preferably be constricted with further, temperature-induced prestressed shape memory steel profiles 15 or conventional reinforcements 13, which are arranged running around the support 12 at selected intervals. A ring or bracket 13, 15 is attached to the existing support 12 by means of dowels 16. If the ring or bracket 13 is made of less noble structural steel, it is important that plastic dowels 16 are used, which prevent direct contact of the ring or bracket 13 with the super-elastic shape memory alloy of the steel profiles 5. This is the only way to prevent contact corrosion which would otherwise occur as a result of material contact between the corrosion-resistant structural steel and the otherwise more corrosion-resistant super-elastic shape memory alloy of the steel profiles 5. At the end, this entire structure is intimately coated or mortared from the outside in order to ensure a power transmission to the support 12 and vice versa.
    The variant according to FIG. 8 is used especially when erecting new concrete supports. FIG. 8 shows such a concrete support 12 on the basis of a cross section. Inside, axially running superelastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 with a ribbed surface or thread-shaped surface are inserted and these are bordered on the outside at selected intervals with curved sections, preferably with actively thermo-induced pre-tensioned shape memory steel profiles 15 or conventional reinforcements 13 made of ordinary structural steel . Especially in the case where normal, corrosion-resistant structural steel is used in some cases, it is important that plastic anchoring dowels, here plastic clips 17, or other electrically insulating connections are used in order to fix such a circular ring 13 to the super-elastic shape memory steel profiles 5 before the entire reinforcement frame is concreted in. By means of such corrosion-resistant plastic dowels 16 or clips 17, it can be ensured that no contact corrosion sets in, as would otherwise be the case if corrosive materials such as structural steel touch the otherwise corrosion-resistant super-elastic shape memory steel alloy of the profiles 5. These circular sections 13, 15 can, however, be formed from straight sections by curvature, in that the ends of the sections then claw into one another or overlap, or entire segments run in a helix over the height or height sections of the support 12. This net-like basket within the support 12 to be erected is finally completely poured into concrete, as a result of which a support 12 with increased dissipative capacity is created.
    In Figure 9, such a support 12 is shown together with its foot 18 in an axial longitudinal section. In the example shown, the axially extending rods 5 are made from super-elastic shape memory alloys with a ribbed surface or a thread-shaped surface. They can also be moved in combination with normal structural reinforcement steels 2. The rods looped around them preferably consist of other actively temperature-induced pre-tensioned shape memory steel profiles 15, the ends of which claw into one another. Alternatively, conventional structural steels and materials can again be used for this purpose. For the stabilization and for increasing the deformability of the foot 18 of the support 12, super-elastic shape memory alloy profiles 5 can be inserted in the lower area of the support 12 as shown, in that they are preferably curved radially outward within the foot 18 and so extend a little bit the foot 18 extend into it. Such a support 12 is thus able to fluctuate to a considerable extent in the event of an incident without breaking or collapsing as a result. The slack or actively pre-stressed reinforcements 13, 15 looped all around, in turn, act against concrete spalling and additionally increase the dissipative capacity of the supporting structure.
    FIG. 10 shows a variant of the application of super-elastic shape memory alloys 5 to new or existing concrete supports 12 to increase their dissipation ability. The support 12 and its foot 18 are shown in perspective. Conventional structural steels 13 or corresponding reinforcing materials, or preferably actively temperature-induced pre-stressed shape memory steels 15 according to the publication WO 2014/16603 A2, run around the circumference.
    Index of digits
    1 concrete element 2 reinforcing steel 3 reinforcing steels 4 outside of the concrete element 1 5 super-elastic shape memory profile 6 plastic bracket 7 covering layer 8 groove, milled in concrete element 1 9 rough areas 10 structural steel reinforcement 11 structural steel reinforcement arch / bracket 12 concrete support 13 structural steel Ring / bracket 14 outside of the concrete support 12 15 temperature-induced prestressed shape memory profiles or rings / bracket 16 plastic dowels 17 plastic clips 18 foot of the concrete support 12
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Procedure for creating new concrete structures (1, 12) or for retrofitting, i.e. for strengthening existing concrete structures (1, 12), to increase the ability to dissipate kinetic energy in the case of spontaneously occurring induced mechanical stresses such as vibrations and seismic loads by forming profiles (5) from a super-elastic shape memory alloy into a surface with which they can interact with an adjacent hardened covering (7) or building substance by virtue of clawing and / or toothing, the super-elastic shape memory alloy in the event of the spontaneous occurrence of the induced mechanical Stress and subsequent relief can change between austenitic and martensitic phase due to said stress and relief via a crystalline deformation, and the profiles (5) are arranged in or on the concrete structure (1, 12) and then a covering (7) or building substance the profiles ( 5) including is applied or filled, so that forces from the concrete structure (1, 12) can be absorbed and / or transferred to the concrete structure (1, 12) via the operative connection of the profile surface with the subsequently hardened covering (7) or building substance.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the case of reinforcement of an existing concrete structure (1, 12)a) the surface of a point to be reinforced on the concrete structure (1, 12) is roughened,b) profiles (5) made of a super-elastic shape memory alloy with ribbed surfaces or provided with threaded surfaces are placed on the roughened surface and fastened;c) next to these profiles (5) further reinforcements (13, 15) are arranged in a slack or prestressed manner,d) a covering (7) or building substance is applied or filled in order to enclose the profiles (5, 10, 11, 13, 15) in it, so that a non-positive connection between the profiles (5, 10, 11, 13, 15) upon curing ) and the covering (7) or the building fabric.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the case of reinforcement of a newly constructed concrete structure (1, 12)a) profiles (5) made of a super-elastic shape memory alloy with ribbed surfaces or provided with threaded surfaces are inserted and fixed in the concrete structure (1, 12) to be newly constructed;b) next to these profiles (5) further reinforcements (13, 15) are arranged in a slack or prestressed manner,c) when the concrete structure (1, 12) is being constructed, these profiles (5) are cast into its covering (7) or encased in the fabric of the concrete structure (1, 12), so that a force-fit connection between the profiles (5, 10) as it cures , 11, 13, 15) and the covering (7) or the fabric of the concrete structure (1, 12) is created.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the case of reinforcement of an existing concrete structure (1, 12)a) at least one slot or groove (8) is milled or cut into the area to be reinforced on the concrete structure (1), or at least one hole is drilled or a recess is cut out,b) profiles (5) made of a superelastic shape memory alloy with ribbed surfaces or provided with threaded surfaces are inserted into the at least one slot, groove (8), bore or recess and fastened therein;c) a covering (7) or building substance is introduced into the at least one slot, groove, hole or recess, for filling and embedding the profiles (5) in it, so that a force-fit connection between the profiles (5) and the covering when it hardens (7) or building fabric is created in at least one slot, groove, hole or recess.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein in a transverse or oblique direction to the arranged profiles (5) made of a superelastic shape memory alloy additional profiles (10, 11, 13, 15) for reinforcement are arranged slack or prestressed, and that thus generated grid or matrix of profiles (5, 10, 11, 13, 15) is enclosed by the covering (7) or building fabric to be applied.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the case of reinforcement of an existing concrete structure (1, 12) in the form of a concrete column (12)a) a section of the outside (14) of the concrete support (12) to be reinforced is roughened all around,b) axially extending profiles (5) made of a super-elastic shape memory alloy around the roughened area are fixed to the concrete support (12), laid at intervals,c) the thus formed basket or matrix of profiles (5) made of a super-elastic shape memory alloy is enclosed by reinforcement profiles (13, 15) arranged in a slack or pretensioned manner at a distance from one another,d) and either a formwork running around the section of the outer side (14) of the concrete support (12) to be reinforced and encompassing the cage or matrix formed by the profiles (5, 13, 15) is created, and thus the area in between Concrete or mortar is filled and the formwork is removed after it has hardened, ore) the section of the outside (14) of the concrete support (12) to be reinforced including the basket or matrix formed by the profiles (5, 13, 15) is covered with shotcrete / mortar so that the profiles (5, 13, 15 ) are fully enclosed in it.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in the case of reinforcement of a new concrete structure (1, 12) for the establishment of a concrete support (12) with foot (18) profiles (5) made of a superelastic shape memory alloy on the one hand axially in the Concrete support (12) to be erected are laid running, and on the other hand, in the foot (18) in a direction angled from the axial direction or in a radial direction, several profiles (5 ) are laid from a super-elastic shape memory alloy running in the axial direction, and the basket or matrix formed from the axial profiles (5) of super-elastic shape memory alloy is enclosed by reinforcement profiles (13, 15) arranged at a distance from one another in a slack or pretensioned manner, and then either a formwork running around the concrete support (12) is created and the intermediate area mi t concrete or mortar is poured and after hardening the formwork is removed or shotcrete / mortar is applied so that the profiles (5, 13, 15) are fully enclosed.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in addition to the profiles (5) made of a super elastic shape memory alloy reinforcing structural steels (2) without shape memory effect and / or reinforcements made of a temperature-induced activatable shape memory alloy are built.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the profiles (5) made of a super-elastic shape memory alloy by means of plastic holders (6) or plastic dowels (16), plastic clips (17) and / or other non-electrically conductive elements on the concrete structure (1, 12) to prevent contact corrosion.
    [10]
    10. Concrete structure (1, 12), manufactured or retrofitted to increase the ability to dissipate kinetic energy in the case of spontaneously occurring induced mechanical stresses such as vibrations and seismic loads, in that profiles (5) made of a superelastic shape memory alloy are shaped into a surface with which they are powerful Interlocking and / or toothing with an adjacent hardened covering (7) or building substance can come into operative connection, whereby the super-elastic shape memory alloy can switch between austenitic and martensitic phases in the event of the spontaneous occurrence of the induced mechanical stress and subsequent relief via a crystalline deformation due to said stress and relief , and the profiles (5) are arranged in or on the concrete structure (1, 12) and a covering (7) or building substance including the profiles (5) is applied or filled so that the profile surface is then cured via the active connection of the profile surface The concrete structure (1, 12) can absorb and / or transfer forces to the covering (7) or building structure.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2021094498A1|2021-05-20|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB2504328A|2012-07-26|2014-01-29|Plastic Logic Ltd|Testing of an Electronic Display Device|
    CH707301B1|2013-04-08|2014-06-13|Empa|Method for creating prestressed concrete structures by means of profiles of a shape memory alloy and structure, produced by the process.|
    CN106639351A|2016-12-23|2017-05-10|大连理工大学|Reinforcing method for winding thermal excitation embedded shape memory alloy wires on concrete column|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH14352019|2019-11-12|
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